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DUTCH NYC
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3. The knuckles of sheep were used like jacks by the Dutch children in the NYC colony. What was that game called ?
8. The bell used in Francois Molemacker's horse mill on South William street in Lower Manhattan was seized by the Dutch when they ransacked Puerto Rico in 1625. What Caribbean town did Dutch West India Company take over in 1625, grabbing a bell used in the 1st NYC mill ?
10. On the NW side of one NYC island, a fortress called Castle Williams was once a Civil War confederate officers prison. What was this NYC island which had Americas oldest military installation that was in continuous service between the Dutch, the British, and the American military (from 1637 until 1996) ?
11. Dutch housewifes threw something on their floors because dust and dirt came up easier when it was added to the mixture. What was used by these Dutch housewifes ?
13. Chess, checkers, backgammon and dominoes were Dutch tavern favorites. A law against ninepins was created to stop this game on Sundays and holidays. What did the Dutch add so they could still play on Sunday ?
14. A tribe of Indians lived close to what is now Kingston, NY, when they started pillaging and burning the town Peter Stuyvesant sent soldiers. These Indians were the last Indian tribe to go on the warpath during Dutch rule. What was the tribe called ?
15. The Indian war against the Dutch colonists began on September 15, 1655, after Hendrick Van Dyck's brutal killing of an Indian squaw who was plundering fruit from his garden. The Indian response was 64 canoes of almost 500 Indians pouring into a defensless town (Stuyvesant and his army was fighting the Swedes by the Delaware). Van Dyck was pierced by an arrow and died. What kind of fruit started this 1655 Indian War ?
20. Dinner was the biggest meal of the day, the later meal (mostly bread, butter and cheese) was served between 6 and 9 PM and was called supper. What time was dinner served in old Dutch NYC ?
23. Herman Mynderts van den Bogaert worked on a Dutch ship. The West India Company made Herman NYC's first surgeon in 1630. The blood red stripes on a pole today should give away his job on the ship. What was the real profession of the people who did the slicing during operations in the first Dutch medical office ?
24. Dutch wooden shoes were not a myth, they were used by workers, the poor and Dutch children. In the summer most Dutch kids went barefoot. The poorer the Dutch family the more likely they would have wooden shoes. To save wear and tear on their good leather shoes, the Dutch wore wooden shoes when working in the where ?
26. Nieuw Jaar (New Year) was a huge festival, the universal dish to eat was roast goose. Pass or Paaschdag (Easter) was celebrated by eating hard eggs and drinking egg cider. Pingster, Pinxter or Pinxsterfeest. The Dutch celebrate two days of Pentecost (on Sunday and the subsequent Monday). Dutch celebrated with Egg nog and Pingster apples, also squawberries and wintergreen berries were eaten. San Claas and Kerstydt were both celebrated during Christmas time. The Dutch celebrate two days of Christmas: Eerste Kerstdag (the 1st day of Christmas) and Tweede Kerstdag (the 2nd day of Christmas). Sinterklaas (Santa Claus) gives gifts to the children. What festival was not celebrated by the original Dutch NYC colony before 1674 ?
27. The year 1653, was the year the town of New Amsterdam got municipal rights and became a city. The English took control of NYC in 1664. In 1673, 21 Dutch ships took Manhatttan back from the English. How many months did the Dutch hold NYC (for the second time) before the British were back in control ?
28. Early houses of New Amsterdam were built of Dutch bricks, some of these old bricks were found at the South Ferry Terminal Project. Besides black bricks what color was the other bricks used to build the early Dutch houses ?
29. John Bowne's 1662, act of civil disobedience against Stuyvesants Quaker ban, was pardoned by the Dutch West India Company. This ended religious bias (for the most part) in early NYC. In November 1655, one citizen overturned the ban on Jews in the citizens guards, this Jewish citizen also gained the right to have a trade, and opened the first kosher butcher. Who was it that first laid the foundation for the right to religious freedom in Dutch NYC ?
Down
1. The Cingel was the road that would soon be called Wall street. The British turned the name De Waal Straat into Wall street like the abbreviation of valley, Vly was turned to fly. De Waal Straat first stood as a tribute to what in old Dutch NYC ?
2. Before the post office was opened, the Dutch schoolmasters delivered the invitations to what ?
4. Kraeg was the Dutch word for housewarming, a party given to celebrate moving into a new house is also called inwijdingsfeest. Avond is night in Dutch. Mistig is foggy in Dutch. Varken is pig in Dutch. Groep is a Dutch word for party. Partij is another Dutch word for party. Grap is a Dutch word for joke. Gezellig is one of the most difficult words to translate in Dutch, it is close to the word delightful in English, but closer to an atmosphere that knows no time. What was the Dutch word for Fire ?
5. The Burgher Watch would protect the town all night long acting as police and firefighters. A citizens watch and militia guard, which the Dutch called the Burgher Watch was also called the what ?
6. The earliest postal workers traveled on foot and canoe, and only got paid when they returned with a response letter. After 1672 some of the most trusted ones carried the mail to Albany in the Winter. Before the public mail service started, who were used as postal workers to send a message into the interior of the New World ?
7. The winter boat trip that brought the Dutch colonists to NYC, took an average of how many week from Amsterdam ?
9. Dutch houses had a very steep pitch because they had 2 what ? The lower one for sleeping, and the upper one (called the cockloft) for storage.
12. Most of the 13 colonies had laws or some trial where witchcraft was mentioned but mostly Massachusetts and Connecticut witches were put to death (before 1693). The first three people accused and arrested for witchcraft in Salem, Mass, were usual suspects a slave named Tituba, a poor easily-angered woman named Sarah Good and Sarah Osburne, an irritable old woman who married her servant. Twenty seven people were convicted as witches in Salem in 1692 from the near 150 accused, 17 hung. How many people did the Dutch (in early NYC) convict of being a witch ?
16. The annual Dutch animal fair/carnival was often held on September 22nd was also called Fair day. This Dutch holiday started in 1641 in NYC, when the Cattle fair started on October 15, and the Hog fair on November 1st. By 1648 it was a 10 day festival that started on the 1st Monday after Saint Bartholomew's day. This long lasting county fair encouraged the raising of pigs, cattle, goats, sheep and other livestock. By 1659, the New Amsterdam fair started on Oct 20 and went thru the entire November. What was the name of this Dutch holiday ?
17. Dutch East India Company commissioned explorer Henry Hudson in 1609 to find an all water Northeast Passage to Asia, not a new land. The politics against Spain started the expedition to the New World, but this political move was not the major Dutch interest. Dutch settlers did not have much interest in agriculture which ended up slowing down its expansion of the New World. The Dutch wished colonization would catch on, but it didn't seem to hold. The West India Company sent the first 30 NYC families in 1624, who mostly got into the fur trade. The major Dutch interest in NYC was for ?
18. Dutch cattle were easy to catch and tasty to eat. Wolves, Bears, Panthers and Lynx all liked fresh NYC beef. The village goats were dangerous because they could do much damage to the town, so they had to be kept within strict boundaries. The guardians for the sheep and goats were Claes Groen and Pieter Lieresen. In Dutch times, the sheep and goat pasture in lower NYC was just north of Exchange Place off what street ?
19. Six to eight pigs were killed per family, to get them through the winter. Hog killing day in the old Dutch NYC colony was the day after the first what ?
21. The seal of NYC has a beaver, an Indian, a sailor and flour barrels. Besides White and Blue what were the other color on the original Dutch flag, that are now on the official flag of NYC ?
22. Half Moon was Henry Hudson's ship that brought him to the New World. The Dutch name for Sea Gulls was the name of the ship Peter Minuit, the Dutch Governor came over on . What was Minuit's boat named ?
25. Searching for the fast and easy passage to the Orient, was the first reason the Dutch came to the New World, but that was not what keep them coming back. Colonization was not the motivation that kept bringing the Dutch explorers to the New World. The English colony in Jamestown Virginia were the ones who came to colonize. What kept bringing the Dutch explorers to NYC ?
26. Horses on treadmills were used to turn the first mill on Stone Street by Hanover Square, and on early ferries across the East River. The NYC Dutch mills on the East River that were used to transform grain into flour were run by what kind of power ?
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