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NATIVE AMERICANS
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1. Indians lived for hundreds of years just east of Broadway, and just west of Lafayette street between Duane and Worth Streets overlooking the Fresh Water Pond. These Manhattan Indians had a castle or village stronghold on this Western slope of Collect Pond. What was this tribe called (Algonquin for hare ) ?
4. Peter was NYC's first director-general. Peter was a Protestant Walloon deacon from Wesel in Rhenish Prussia. Peter was the one that history says bought Manhattan island from the Indians on May 24, 1626. This Dutch Governor ruled NYC for 5 years from May 4th 1626-1631 (he returned to Holland August 1632 on the ship Union). Things were calm then and the militia were not even needed. What was Peter's last name ?
10. What Indian tribe were the arbitrators for the 5 nations ?
11. James was an English general who died at the Battle of Montreal during the French and Indian War. His remains were taken to England, where a monument to his memory sits in Westminster Abbey. A granite obelisk was created in the city of Quebec, and one in NYC (1754) which disappeared at the end of the Revolutionary war (it may have been taken or hidden for safekeeping by the British). The obelisk was around 15th street west of 8th Avenue, at the end of the Monument road (later Greenwich Ave). What was James's last name ?
15. Mohawks were Iroquois who often demanded tribute from the eleven Algonquin river tribes, which sent scared Algonquins to NYC for protection. The Algonquin River Tribes confused the Dutch because they were friendly to the Dutch and the British, so they could not be trusted. The Dutch made peace between a tribe that was not part of the Iroquois Confederacy and the Mohawks in 1618. What tribe was it ?
16. The native Americans called what NYC Hook the Great Bouwery at Nechtanc?
17. What white person named John was killed in New York, on Sept. 6, 1609, by an Indian arrow in his throat. He was most likely the 1st white European to be buried in NY. John a member of Henry Hudson's crew was buried most likely in the Coney Island area on September 7, 1609 after being killed by Indians the night before.
18. In 1811, what NYC fort was built on an old Indian fishing village ?
19. Dutch colonists traded guns to an upstate Indian tribe which made them even greater conquerors. Their warriors wore Mohawks and tattoos. What was this upstate Indian tribe that was the largest of the five tribes in the 5 Nations of the Iroquois League ?
20. Many indian trails were made into NYC's first roads. These trails were the only paths from one Indian village to the others settlements. They were as wide as 18 inches but as small as how many inches wide ?
21. During the summer 1663 an Indian tribe who lived close to what is now Kingston, NY, started pillaging and burning the town until soldiers were sent. Who was this last Indian tribe to go on the warpath during Dutch rule ?
24. On September 15, 1655, Hendrick Van Dyck shot a young Indian girl who was stealing a fruit from his tree. This caused hundreds of Indians to attack NYC the next day (an arrow wounded Van Dyck). 100 women & children were held captive and ransomed due to this Indian uprising. What was the name of this War ?
26. The street Manetta lane was named for its path over the old Minetta water stream. What Carnarsee word was Manetta ?
29. A Dutch citizen named Hendrick Van ________ started the Peach war by killing a squaw who was stealing fruit from his orchard. The Indian response was 64 canoes of almost 500 Indians pouring into a defensless town (Stuyvesant and his army was fighting the Swedes by the Delaware). Hendrick was pierced by an arrow and died. What was his last name ?
32. What was the Mohegan word for water ?
34. A Captain named John, lead a group of New England mercenaries hired by Governor Kieft to raid Indian villages. these mercenaries were fined, imprisoned, or banished by Governor Stuyvesant. What was John's last name ?
35. John Jacob Astor made his fortune in the fur trade, real estate, and opium industries. John Jacob Astor had few scruples but was smart enough tnot to sell guns to the natives. John Jacob Astor did sell Indians firewater and what other F word ?
36. Besides gunpowder what else did Peter Stuyvesant have to pay the Indians as ransom for 100 women & children held captive for 2 years after 1655 ?
37. Holland mostly refused to aid a losing venture, so they rarely sent food to New Amsterdam. Indians traded their food, which kept settlers in old Manhattan alive. The Iroquois had 6 festivals every year. Besides Deganawidah who lese united the 5 tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy in 1570 ?
38. What Dutch Governor named Willem, sent 100 men to New Jersey to kill the Raritan Indians in 1640 ?
39. What system of Indian money was more like art and memories to the Native Americans. These white beads were from shells, but were not Sewant which were beads from purple clam shells. Periwinkle shells were ground down into a white version of this as well. What were these Indian beads called ?
Down
2. What Spanish fur trader explorer named Jan was an African who came from Santo Domingo (now Dominican Republic and Haiti) and crossed paths with Dutch explorer Captain Adrian Block ? He was the first non indian merchant in NYC, this black (mulatto) man was also the first non native to live in NYC. He was a former crewman from the boat Jonge Tobias who traded and lived among the natives in 1612 (w/o support of a harbor ship).
3. Cloth, blankets, brass kettles were traded to Indians by fur traders, also silver jewelry, assorted glass beads, traps, knives, axes, awls and fish hooks. Guns, powder and alcohol were sold to the Indians, but it was not a very good idea. Besides Brandy what other hard alcohol was sold to the Indians ?
5. The Indians called the path we call Broadway, Wickquasgeck Road. Wecquaesgeek Indians were a Long island tribe. Long Island was called Paumanok by the 13 tribes of Algonkian Native Americans. Minnahannonck was another Indian name for Long Island. Blackwells Island was called Nassau Island by the Indians. Mohawk and Algonguin Indians were from upstate. Raritan Indians were a Staten Island tribe. Governors Island was first called Pagganck by Lenape Indians meaning Island of What ?
6. A Dutch Governor named Wouter Van turned the fertile land between the Minetta water and the Hudson River into his huge tobacco plantation. In 1637 this Governor bought Governor's Island (Pagganck), Wards Island (Tenkenas) and Randall's Island (Minnahanonck) from the Native Americans. What was this Governor's last name who was the first non native to live in Bossen Bouwerie in 1633 (it started being called Greenwich Village in 1784) ?
7. Jean de ________ was a Jesuit missionary who was killed by Iroquois Indians using a red-hot iron which was thrust down his throat. The Indians even ate his heart. His head was kept and is on display at Hotel-Dieu in Quebec. What was this poor man's last name ?
8. The farthest point from Manhattan in Brooklyn is named after an Indian tribe who lived for thousands of years by Far Rockaway and the Rockaway peninsula in Brooklyn. This tribe called the Rockaway area Rekowacky, they also lived in Western LI, which they called Keskachauge or Kestat. Governor Peter must have gathered up the head sachums from the various NYC tribes. But according to most historians this Rockaway Indian tribe sold NYC for trinkets and tools worth 60 guilders ($23.70). What is the name of this tribe ?
9. A Protestant minister named Megapolensis came to NYC in 1649, after preaching to the Indians for 7 years (since 1642). What was his first name ?
12. Native Americans had little concept of European land ownership. What Long Island Indian tribe that might have been on a hunting trip in NYC when they tricked Peter Minuit (on his 20th day in NYC) with the sale of lands they did not live on ?
13. Toboggans were created by the American Indians. An Indian baby was called a ?
14. The Narragansett Indians fought the Pequot Indians in 1637. What tribe was their American Indian ally ?
20. What thickset man with a red bloated face was smart, subtle and sharp-witted, but considered an atrocious villain, murderer and traitor ? This former Company accountant named Cornelis Van _________ led 80 soldiers to Hoboken to kill sleeping Indians, he also caused the Peach War. To avoid a court of inquiry he planned his own disappearance. What was his last name ?
22. Who tried to end the Indian wampum currency and substitute Dutch coins ? The Dutch company disagreed and did not want the valuable coins lost in the New World.
23. What kind of wheat did Henry Hudson call the American corn that the Native Americans treated him and his crew to on September 4th, 1609 ?
25. Simon Le Moyne was a Jesuit missionary who was the first European to penetrate among the Onondaga Indians. He was tortured by the Iroquois Indians, but saved by Indian chief Garakontie. What tribe of the Iroquois Indians tortured Simon Le Moyne ?
27. The ancient Greeks chewed mastiche (resin of the mastic tree). Mayans chewed chicle (sapodilla tree sap). Gum from the White Mountain were made of paraffin wax. State of Maine Pure _______ Gum was the first gum sold by John B. Curti in 1848. American Indians also chewed tree sap. What tree did the native Americans and John B. Curti create the first gum from ?
28. Cornelius the 3rd Patroon of Staten Island, was the chairman of the 8 man council who advised Governor Willem Kieft to pick the famous Indian fighter to lead a group of New England mercenaries to raid Indian villages.
What was Cornelius's last name ?
30. The original board of 12 Men was assembled by Director Willem Kieft and convened August 29, 1641 to advise him about the Indian problem. Kieft disbanded the council because they disagreed with his ambitious military plans. On April 27, 1643, one council member named Verplanck was forced to mortgage Paulus Hook to Jan Damen and Cornelis Van Tienhoven to get a loan to overcome his lost property due to the Indian war. This council member named Verplanck was also threatened with banishment by Kieft. What was Verplanck's first name ?
31. Indians believed heaven was in the southwest sky. Thunder, the wind, the sun and the moon were good spirit beings to the American Indians. What horned creature sybolized the evil spirit to the American Indians ?
33. The Native American currently pictured in this puzzle was the chief of the Lakhota tribe. I'll give you a hint he is not standing. What is the last name of this legendary sitting man ?
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